何謂水腦症？
水腦症是指大腦內的腦脊髓液（CSF）累積過多，造成腦室異常擴大。正常人一天可以產生約500毫升的腦脊髓液，經過循環之後由腦膜表面顆粒吸收。若回收系統失常或製造過多的腦脊髓液時，擴大的腦室裡就會施加壓力於周圍腦神經，造成症狀。
一般來說，慢性水腦症最常見的症狀為尿失禁，步態不穩，記憶退化，反應遲鈍等，若急性水腦症的話，則會昏迷甚至腦幹受損而有生命危險。
原因
先天性或是後天性都可能是水腦症造成的原因。先天性水腦症可能的原因包括：基因方面或腦部發育過程出現問題，後天性的水腦症則源自於疾病，例如腦炎、腦膜炎、外傷、腦出血或腫瘤等等或者是退化。
水腦症大體上可分為兩種，第一種是阻塞性水腦症，造成的原因是腦脊髓液在腦室系統內循環的路徑受到阻礙，因而腦脊髓液就會蓄積在某部分的腦室。常見的成因之一是大腦導水管狹窄，大腦的腦室就會異常脹大。
另一類是交通性水腦症，造成的原因常是腦脊髓液回收不良。最常見的原因是蜘蛛膜下腔出血（SAH）或是腦膜表面顆粒退化，會造成所有腦室皆脹大。
治療
腦瘤權威陳品元醫師：治療的目標，是重新建立腦脊髓液循環順暢與吸收的平衡。治療以手術為主，若阻塞性水腦症，能把阻塞的原因移除是最佳的治療方式，例如有腫瘤堵住循環就移除腫瘤。
另一種方法就是繞道。在兒童病患有時候會將第三腦室底用內視鏡打洞，讓腦脊髓液流往顱底空間。
另外最常見分流的方法則是埋入一條人工的管路來幫助腦脊髓液引流。引流系統可以允許腦脊髓液離開大腦，流到身體的其他空間後再被吸收。這個引流系統的管路一端在腦室裡，另一端則放在腹腔內或大靜脈中。
引流系統有數種，一般的腦室腹腔引流系統，頭端會有一個固定的壓力閥來控制引流與否，超過設定的壓力就會引流，如此可以將腦室內過多的腦脊髓液排放至腹腔吸收。新式的壓力閥則是可微調設定的壓力值。若病患的狀況改變，引流系統需要調整壓力設定時， 只需用特定的儀器在體外利用磁力調整即可，不需要再次手術。
另外，也有腰椎腹腔引流系統可以選擇，但價格也昂貴許多。
術後照護注意事項
水腦症患者裝了引流管在體內後，管路上的單向閥門就會使腦脊髓液朝著正確的方向流動，理論上放著一輩子沒問題。但只要是管子，就會有阻塞的風險，而管路對身體來說是外來物，偶而會有發炎排斥甚至感染的現象。此外，若是管路功能不佳的話，會導致腦脊髓液引流太多或者太少。引流過多腦脊髓液，會造成腦室萎縮及頭痛；引流太少，水腦症的症狀就會復發。
水腦症的照護上需要特別注意，剛手術後的護理包括避免壓到患側的傷口、家屬或看護要注意病人的意識情形，如果有昏迷或胡言亂語的現象，要請醫師做更進一步的評估。隔天可鼓勵病人下床多活動，另外要避免避免便祕，以防用力時顱內壓上升。
飲食方面要少量多餐，避免腹部不適，也要給予適當水分。傷口的部分要保持清潔乾燥，若有紅、腫、熱、痛則須立即回診。如果病人出現噁心、嘔吐、發燒，嚴重頭痛或抽搐、不正常呼吸等症狀都需要立刻回診。
結語
水腦症是常見的疾病，從嬰兒到老年人都有可能會發生，經過適當外科的治療，病人就可以自在的生活，與常人無異。
What is長崎蛋糕 hydrocephalus?
Hydrocephalus refers to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, causing abnormal enlargement of the ventricles. A normal person can produce about 500 ml of cerebrospinal fluid in one day and is absorbed by the surface of the meninges after circulation. If the recovery system is abnormal or excessive cerebrospinal fluid is produced, the enlarged ventricles will exert pressure on the surrounding cranial nerves, causing symptoms.
In general, the most common symptoms of chronic hydrocephalus are urinary incontinence, gait instability, memory deterioration, unresponsiveness, etc. If acute hydrocephalus is present, it will be comatose and even brain stem damaged and life-threatening.
the reason
Congenital or acquired may be the cause of hydrocephalus. Possible causes of congenital hydrocephalus include: genetic or brain development problems, acquired hydrocephalus from diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, trauma, cerebral hemorrhage or tumors, etc. or degradation .
Hydrocephalus can be divided into two types. The first one is obstructive hydrocephalus. The cause is that the path of cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the ventricular system is blocked, so that cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in certain parts of the ventricles. . One of the common causes is that the cerebral aqueduct is narrow and the brain's ventricles are abnormally inflated.
The other type is traffic hydrocephalus, which is often caused by poor recovery of cerebrospinal fluid. The most common cause is subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or degeneration of the surface of the meninges, causing all ventricles to swell.
treatment
Brain tumor authority Chen Pinyuan: The goal of treatment is to re-establish the balance between smooth and absorbed cerebrospinal fluid circulation. The treatment is mainly surgery. If obstructive hydrocephalus is involved, it is the best treatment to remove the cause of the obstruction. For example, if the tumor blocks the circulation, the tumor is removed.
Another way is to detour. When the child is sick, the third ventricle is holed with an endoscope, and the cerebrospinal fluid flows to the skull base space.
Another common method of shunting is to embed an artificial line to help drain the cerebrospinal fluid. The drainage system allows the cerebrospinal fluid to leave the brain and flow to other spaces in the body before being absorbed. The drainage system has one end of the tubing in the ventricle and the other end in the abdominal cavity or large vein.
There are several kinds of drainage systems. The general ventricle drainage system has a fixed pressure valve at the head to control the drainage. If the pressure exceeds the set pressure, it will drain. This can discharge too much cerebrospinal fluid into the abdominal cavity. The new pressure valve is a fine-tuned set pressure value. If the condition of the patient changes, the drainage system needs to adjust the pressure setting, and only need to use a specific instrument to adjust the magnetic force in vitro, and no need for reoperation.
In addition, there are lumbar abdominal drainage systems available, but the price is also much more expensive.
Postoperative care considerations
After the water-brain patients have installed the drainage tube in the body, the one-way valve on the pipeline will make the cerebrospinal fluid flow in the correct direction. In theory, it will last for a lifetime. But as long as it is a tube, there is a risk of obstruction, and the tube is a foreign object to the body, and occasionally there is inflammation and rejection or even infection. In addition, if the function of the pipeline is not good, it will cause too much or too little drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Draining too much cerebrospinal fluid can cause ventricular atrophy and headache; too little drainage, the symptoms of hydrocephalus will recur.
Special attention should be paid to the care of hydrocephalus. The care after the operation includes avoiding the wound on the affected side, the family or the caregiver should pay attention to the patient's consciousness. If there is a coma or gibberish, ask the doctor to make further evaluation. . The next day, patients can be encouraged to get out of bed and exercise, and avoid constipation to prevent the intracranial pressure from rising when force is applied.
Eat a small amount of meals in the diet, avoid abdominal discomfort, but also give appropriate moisture. The part of the wound should be kept clean and dry. If there is redness, swelling, heat or pain, it must be returned immediately. If the patient has nausea, vomiting, fever, severe headache or convulsions, abnormal breathing, etc., you need to return to the doctor immediately.
Conclusion
Hydrocephalus is a common disease that can occur from infants to the elderly. After proper surgical treatment, patients can live freely, no different from ordinary people.
Laennec is the ethical drug manufactured with JBP’s unique technologies.
Laennec is the ethical drug manufactured with JBP’s unique technologies for effective extraction of variety of growth factors, cytokines, and other physiologically active substances from the human placenta. For instance, HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) promotes the proliferation of hepatic parenchymal cells for recovery of a damaged liver. Our product safety is ensured by the most rigid safety measures among existing scientific standards.
水腦症是指大腦內的腦脊髓液（CSF）累積過多，造成腦室異常擴大。正常人一天可以產生約500毫升的腦脊髓液，經過循環之後由腦膜表面顆粒吸收。若回收系統失常或製造過多的腦脊髓液時，擴大的腦室裡就會施加壓力於周圍腦神經，造成症狀。
一般來說，慢性水腦症最常見的症狀為尿失禁，步態不穩，記憶退化，反應遲鈍等，若急性水腦症的話，則會昏迷甚至腦幹受損而有生命危險。
原因
先天性或是後天性都可能是水腦症造成的原因。先天性水腦症可能的原因包括：基因方面或腦部發育過程出現問題，後天性的水腦症則源自於疾病，例如腦炎、腦膜炎、外傷、腦出血或腫瘤等等或者是退化。
水腦症大體上可分為兩種，第一種是阻塞性水腦症，造成的原因是腦脊髓液在腦室系統內循環的路徑受到阻礙，因而腦脊髓液就會蓄積在某部分的腦室。常見的成因之一是大腦導水管狹窄，大腦的腦室就會異常脹大。
另一類是交通性水腦症，造成的原因常是腦脊髓液回收不良。最常見的原因是蜘蛛膜下腔出血（SAH）或是腦膜表面顆粒退化，會造成所有腦室皆脹大。
治療
腦瘤權威陳品元醫師：治療的目標，是重新建立腦脊髓液循環順暢與吸收的平衡。治療以手術為主，若阻塞性水腦症，能把阻塞的原因移除是最佳的治療方式，例如有腫瘤堵住循環就移除腫瘤。
另一種方法就是繞道。在兒童病患有時候會將第三腦室底用內視鏡打洞，讓腦脊髓液流往顱底空間。
另外最常見分流的方法則是埋入一條人工的管路來幫助腦脊髓液引流。引流系統可以允許腦脊髓液離開大腦，流到身體的其他空間後再被吸收。這個引流系統的管路一端在腦室裡，另一端則放在腹腔內或大靜脈中。
引流系統有數種，一般的腦室腹腔引流系統，頭端會有一個固定的壓力閥來控制引流與否，超過設定的壓力就會引流，如此可以將腦室內過多的腦脊髓液排放至腹腔吸收。新式的壓力閥則是可微調設定的壓力值。若病患的狀況改變，引流系統需要調整壓力設定時， 只需用特定的儀器在體外利用磁力調整即可，不需要再次手術。
另外，也有腰椎腹腔引流系統可以選擇，但價格也昂貴許多。
術後照護注意事項
水腦症患者裝了引流管在體內後，管路上的單向閥門就會使腦脊髓液朝著正確的方向流動，理論上放著一輩子沒問題。但只要是管子，就會有阻塞的風險，而管路對身體來說是外來物，偶而會有發炎排斥甚至感染的現象。此外，若是管路功能不佳的話，會導致腦脊髓液引流太多或者太少。引流過多腦脊髓液，會造成腦室萎縮及頭痛；引流太少，水腦症的症狀就會復發。
水腦症的照護上需要特別注意，剛手術後的護理包括避免壓到患側的傷口、家屬或看護要注意病人的意識情形，如果有昏迷或胡言亂語的現象，要請醫師做更進一步的評估。隔天可鼓勵病人下床多活動，另外要避免避免便祕，以防用力時顱內壓上升。
飲食方面要少量多餐，避免腹部不適，也要給予適當水分。傷口的部分要保持清潔乾燥，若有紅、腫、熱、痛則須立即回診。如果病人出現噁心、嘔吐、發燒，嚴重頭痛或抽搐、不正常呼吸等症狀都需要立刻回診。
結語
水腦症是常見的疾病，從嬰兒到老年人都有可能會發生，經過適當外科的治療，病人就可以自在的生活，與常人無異。
What is長崎蛋糕 hydrocephalus?
Hydrocephalus refers to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, causing abnormal enlargement of the ventricles. A normal person can produce about 500 ml of cerebrospinal fluid in one day and is absorbed by the surface of the meninges after circulation. If the recovery system is abnormal or excessive cerebrospinal fluid is produced, the enlarged ventricles will exert pressure on the surrounding cranial nerves, causing symptoms.
In general, the most common symptoms of chronic hydrocephalus are urinary incontinence, gait instability, memory deterioration, unresponsiveness, etc. If acute hydrocephalus is present, it will be comatose and even brain stem damaged and life-threatening.
the reason
Congenital or acquired may be the cause of hydrocephalus. Possible causes of congenital hydrocephalus include: genetic or brain development problems, acquired hydrocephalus from diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, trauma, cerebral hemorrhage or tumors, etc. or degradation .
Hydrocephalus can be divided into two types. The first one is obstructive hydrocephalus. The cause is that the path of cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the ventricular system is blocked, so that cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in certain parts of the ventricles. . One of the common causes is that the cerebral aqueduct is narrow and the brain's ventricles are abnormally inflated.
The other type is traffic hydrocephalus, which is often caused by poor recovery of cerebrospinal fluid. The most common cause is subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or degeneration of the surface of the meninges, causing all ventricles to swell.
treatment
Brain tumor authority Chen Pinyuan: The goal of treatment is to re-establish the balance between smooth and absorbed cerebrospinal fluid circulation. The treatment is mainly surgery. If obstructive hydrocephalus is involved, it is the best treatment to remove the cause of the obstruction. For example, if the tumor blocks the circulation, the tumor is removed.
Another way is to detour. When the child is sick, the third ventricle is holed with an endoscope, and the cerebrospinal fluid flows to the skull base space.
Another common method of shunting is to embed an artificial line to help drain the cerebrospinal fluid. The drainage system allows the cerebrospinal fluid to leave the brain and flow to other spaces in the body before being absorbed. The drainage system has one end of the tubing in the ventricle and the other end in the abdominal cavity or large vein.
There are several kinds of drainage systems. The general ventricle drainage system has a fixed pressure valve at the head to control the drainage. If the pressure exceeds the set pressure, it will drain. This can discharge too much cerebrospinal fluid into the abdominal cavity. The new pressure valve is a fine-tuned set pressure value. If the condition of the patient changes, the drainage system needs to adjust the pressure setting, and only need to use a specific instrument to adjust the magnetic force in vitro, and no need for reoperation.
In addition, there are lumbar abdominal drainage systems available, but the price is also much more expensive.
Postoperative care considerations
After the water-brain patients have installed the drainage tube in the body, the one-way valve on the pipeline will make the cerebrospinal fluid flow in the correct direction. In theory, it will last for a lifetime. But as long as it is a tube, there is a risk of obstruction, and the tube is a foreign object to the body, and occasionally there is inflammation and rejection or even infection. In addition, if the function of the pipeline is not good, it will cause too much or too little drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Draining too much cerebrospinal fluid can cause ventricular atrophy and headache; too little drainage, the symptoms of hydrocephalus will recur.
Special attention should be paid to the care of hydrocephalus. The care after the operation includes avoiding the wound on the affected side, the family or the caregiver should pay attention to the patient's consciousness. If there is a coma or gibberish, ask the doctor to make further evaluation. . The next day, patients can be encouraged to get out of bed and exercise, and avoid constipation to prevent the intracranial pressure from rising when force is applied.
Eat a small amount of meals in the diet, avoid abdominal discomfort, but also give appropriate moisture. The part of the wound should be kept clean and dry. If there is redness, swelling, heat or pain, it must be returned immediately. If the patient has nausea, vomiting, fever, severe headache or convulsions, abnormal breathing, etc., you need to return to the doctor immediately.
Conclusion
Hydrocephalus is a common disease that can occur from infants to the elderly. After proper surgical treatment, patients can live freely, no different from ordinary people.
Laennec is the ethical drug manufactured with JBP’s unique technologies.
Laennec is the ethical drug manufactured with JBP’s unique technologies for effective extraction of variety of growth factors, cytokines, and other physiologically active substances from the human placenta. For instance, HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) promotes the proliferation of hepatic parenchymal cells for recovery of a damaged liver. Our product safety is ensured by the most rigid safety measures among existing scientific standards.
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